Atlas · Asia-Pacific · KAZ
Kazakhstan
- Output · rank 50/187
- $300B
- People · rank 64/187
- 20.8M
- Land · rank 9/187
- 2,700K km²
- GDP per person
- $14,423
- Density
- 7.7 /km²
Government debt
25.6%gross debt, share of GDP
$77Boutstanding, rank 63 of 178
- Perimeter
- General government
- Basis
- Gross, not net
- Valuation
- Nominal
- Debt per person
- $3,692
- Net of assets
- not published
- Source
- IMF World Economic Outlook / Fiscal Monitor
What this number does not tell youThe most misread figure in public finance. Perimeter varies by country — the IMF notes its Fiscal Monitor tables use a narrower perimeter for China than its Article IV estimates, and published figures for Japan range from roughly 200% to 250% depending on perimeter and valuation, both citing the IMF. Debt in a currency the government issues is a fundamentally different instrument from debt it must earn or borrow to service; this ratio does not distinguish them.
Private-sector debt
The BIS publishes household and corporate credit for 44 economies. Kazakhstan is not among them, so no comparable private-debt figure exists.
This is a gap in global data coverage, not a value of zero.
This is a gap in global data coverage, not a value of zero.
Currency & monetary policy
Issues its own currency and sets its own policy rate — meaningful room to manage local-currency debt.
Against its region and the world
Where Kazakhstan sits relative to the Asia-Pacific average and the world average.
GDP per person (USD)
This country14,423
Region average8,736
World average14,013
Population density (per km²)
This country8
Region average135
World average64
Debt to GDP (%)
This country26
Region average97
World average95
Major banks
Largest institutions headquartered in Kazakhstan, by total assets. Assets, not market value — the two rank very differently.
| Institution | Total assets | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Halyk Bank | $40B |
| 2 | Kaspi Bank | $20B |
All figures
- Nominal GDP
- $300B
- Share of world output
- 0.26%
- Population
- 20.8M
- Share of world population
- 0.25%
- Land area
- 2,699,700 km²
- Share of world land
- 2.09%
- GDP per person
- $14,423
- GDP per km²
- $111,123
- Population density
- 7.7 /km²
- Government debt
- 25.6%
- Debt outstanding
- $77B
Closest by output in Asia-Pacific
| New Zealand | $259B | 46.3% |
| Pakistan | $412B | 73.4% |
| Hong Kong SAR | $422B | 11.9% |
| Bangladesh | $482B | 40.4% |
| Uzbekistan | $113B | 35.2% |
Nearest neighbours by nominal output within the same region. Third column is debt to GDP.
Where these figures come from
- Nominal GDPGross domestic product at current market prices, converted to US dollars at market exchange rates. Not adjusted for purchasing power.
- IMF World Economic Outlook
2025 estimate - PopulationTotal resident population, mid-year estimate.
- UN World Population Prospects
2025 estimate - Land areaTotal land area, excluding inland water where the source reports it separately.
- UN Statistics Division
2024 - General government gross debtGross debt of the general government sector as a share of GDP. Gross means government-held financial assets are not netted off.
- IMF World Economic Outlook / Fiscal Monitor
2025–26 estimate - Bank total assetsTotal assets for the most recent reporting period: cash, loans, investments, property and equipment.
- S&P Global Market Intelligence
2026 ranking - Net government debtGovernment debt net of its financial assets, as a share of GDP.
- IMF Fiscal Monitor
2025–26 estimate - Household debtCredit to households and non-profits serving them, as a share of GDP.
- BIS credit statistics
2024–25 - Corporate debtCredit to non-financial corporations, as a share of GDP.
- BIS credit statistics
2024–25 - Exchange rate regimeHow the currency is managed: free floating, floating, pegged, currency board, or no separate legal tender.
- IMF AREAER
2025 - Central bank policy rateThe main policy interest rate set by the central bank.
- Central banks / BIS
mid-2026, live - Residential house pricesYear-on-year change in residential property prices, nominal and inflation-adjusted.
- BIS / OECD residential property
latest quarter