Reference atlas · 2025–26 estimates
The world has four sizes, and they do not agree.
Output, people, territory and debt each rank the world differently. A country large on one is often small on another — and the gaps between those four rankings are where most of what matters in global economics actually sits.
Output$115.2T
34%
28%
26%
People8.22B
55%
10%
8%
19%
Land129,238,284 km²
26%
14%
18%
16%
23%
Government debt$109.6T
35%
37%
21%
Asia-PacificNorth AmericaEuropeLatin AmericaMiddle EastAfrica
- World output
- $115.2T
- Population
- 8.22B
- Land area
- 129.0M km²
- Government debt
- $109.6T
- Debt to output
- 95.2%
Read this firstNorth America produces 28% of world output with 5% of its people. Africa holds 19% of the world's people and produces 3%. Those two sentences describe the same planet, and no single ranking on this site will show you both.
Largest economies
Nominal GDP at market exchange rates.
| 1 | United StatesNorth America · USD | $30.5T |
| 2 | ChinaAsia-Pacific · CNY | $19.5T |
| 3 | GermanyEurope · EUR | $4.7T |
| 4 | IndiaAsia-Pacific · INR | $4.2T |
| 5 | JapanAsia-Pacific · JPY | $4.2T |
| 6 | United KingdomEurope · GBP | $3.8T |
| 7 | FranceEurope · EUR | $3.2T |
| 8 | ItalyEurope · EUR | $2.4T |
Largest debtors
Government debt in absolute dollars — not the ratio.
| 1 | United States125.8% of GDP | $38.4T |
| 2 | China96.3% of GDP | $18.8T |
| 3 | Japan232.7% of GDP | $9.7T |
| 4 | United Kingdom105.9% of GDP | $4.1T |
| 5 | France116.3% of GDP | $3.7T |
| 6 | India83.0% of GDP | $3.5T |
| 7 | Italy136.9% of GDP | $3.3T |
| 8 | Germany64.7% of GDP | $3.1T |
Heaviest debt burdens
Gross government debt as a share of output. A ratio, not a verdict.
| 1 | Sudan$73B outstanding | 252.0% |
| 2 | Japan$9.7T outstanding | 232.7% |
| 3 | Singapore$983B outstanding | 174.9% |
| 4 | Eritrea$5B outstanding | 158.0% |
| 5 | Venezuela$164B outstanding | 155.0% |
| 6 | Lebanon$38B outstanding | 145.0% |
| 7 | Greece$398B outstanding | 142.2% |
| 8 | Italy$3.3T outstanding | 136.9% |
Every economy has a page
Output, people, territory, currency, debt and the largest banks headquartered there — with the definition and source beside each figure.
United States
$30.5T
China
$19.5T
Germany
$4.7T
India
$4.2T
Japan
$4.2T
United Kingdom
$3.8T
France
$3.2T
Italy
$2.4T
Brazil
$2.3T
Canada
$2.2T
Russia
$2.1T
South Korea
$1.9T
Mexico
$1.9T
Spain
$1.8T
Australia
$1.8T
Indonesia
$1.5T
Turkey
$1.4T
Netherlands
$1.3T
Saudi Arabia
$1.1T
Switzerland
$999B
Poland
$915B
Taiwan
$814B
Belgium
$690B
Argentina
$683B