Nepal

Capital KathmanduCurrency NPR · Nepalese RupeeRegion Asia-Pacific

Output · rank 102/187: $45B
People · rank 52/187: 29.7M
Land · rank 92/187: 143K km²
GDP per person: $1,515
Density: 207.2 /km²

Government debt

47.8%gross debt, share of GDP

$22Boutstanding, rank 100 of 178

Perimeter: General government
Basis: Gross, not net
Valuation: Nominal
Debt per person: $724
Net of assets: not published
Source: IMF World Economic Outlook / Fiscal Monitor

What this number does not tell youThe most misread figure in public finance. Perimeter varies by country — the IMF notes its Fiscal Monitor tables use a narrower perimeter for China than its Article IV estimates, and published figures for Japan range from roughly 200% to 250% depending on perimeter and valuation, both citing the IMF. Debt in a currency the government issues is a fundamentally different instrument from debt it must earn or borrow to service; this ratio does not distinguish them.

Private-sector debt

The BIS publishes household and corporate credit for 44 economies. Nepal is not among them, so no comparable private-debt figure exists.
This is a gap in global data coverage, not a value of zero.

Currency & monetary policy

Currency

NPR

Regime

Conventional peg (INR)

Central bank

—

Policy rate

—

A pegged or fixed regime — monetary policy is anchored to the currency it tracks, limiting independent rate-setting.

Against its region and the world

Where Nepal sits relative to the Asia-Pacific average and the world average.

GDP per person (USD)

This country1,515

Region average8,736

World average14,013

Population density (per km²)

This country207

Region average135

World average64

Debt to GDP (%)

This country48

Region average97

World average95

Major banks

Largest institutions headquartered in Nepal, by total assets. Assets, not market value — the two rank very differently.

All banks →

	Institution	Headquarters	Total assets	vs. national GDP
1	Nepal Investment Bank	Kathmandu	$3B	7%

All figures

Nominal GDP: $45B
Share of world output: 0.04%
Population: 29.7M
Share of world population: 0.36%
Land area: 143,350 km²
Share of world land: 0.11%
GDP per person: $1,515
GDP per km²: $313,917
Population density: 207.2 /km²
Government debt: 47.8%
Debt outstanding: $22B

Closest by output in Asia-Pacific

Cambodia	$50B	27.4%
Papua New Guinea	$34B	50.8%
Georgia	$34B	37.2%
Macao SAR	$57B	0.0%
North Korea	$29B	—

Nearest neighbours by nominal output within the same region. Third column is debt to GDP.

Where these figures come from

Nominal GDPGross domestic product at current market prices, converted to US dollars at market exchange rates. Not adjusted for purchasing power.: IMF World Economic Outlook
2025 estimate
PopulationTotal resident population, mid-year estimate.: UN World Population Prospects
2025 estimate
Land areaTotal land area, excluding inland water where the source reports it separately.: UN Statistics Division
2024
General government gross debtGross debt of the general government sector as a share of GDP. Gross means government-held financial assets are not netted off.: IMF World Economic Outlook / Fiscal Monitor
2025–26 estimate
Bank total assetsTotal assets for the most recent reporting period: cash, loans, investments, property and equipment.: S&P Global Market Intelligence
2026 ranking
Net government debtGovernment debt net of its financial assets, as a share of GDP.: IMF Fiscal Monitor
2025–26 estimate
Household debtCredit to households and non-profits serving them, as a share of GDP.: BIS credit statistics
2024–25
Corporate debtCredit to non-financial corporations, as a share of GDP.: BIS credit statistics
2024–25
Exchange rate regimeHow the currency is managed: free floating, floating, pegged, currency board, or no separate legal tender.: IMF AREAER
2025
Central bank policy rateThe main policy interest rate set by the central bank.: Central banks / BIS
mid-2026, live
Residential house pricesYear-on-year change in residential property prices, nominal and inflation-adjusted.: BIS / OECD residential property
latest quarter